Forming a Balanced Sentence in English Grammar

A balanced sentence is a sentence made up of two parts that are roughly equal in length, importance, and grammatical structure, as in the  advertising  slogan  for KFC:  Buy a bucket of chicken and have a barrel of fun. In contrast with a  loose sentence, a balanced sentence is composed of a  paired construction  on the level of the clause.   Although not necessarily indicative of meaning  by themselves, Thomas Kane notes in The New Oxford Guide to Writing that balanced and parallel constructions do reinforce and enrich meaning. Because the words that comprise the sentence are the true conveyers of intent, then, Kane intends balanced sentences to be understood as modifiers to rhetoric. Balanced sentences can come in a variety of forms. For instance, a balanced sentence  that makes a  contrast  is called  antithesis. Additionally, balanced sentences are considered rhetorical devices because they often sound unnatural to the ear, elevating the perceived intellect of the speaker. How Balanced Sentences Reinforce Meaning Most linguists agree that the primary utility of a well-stated balanced sentence is to provide perspective for the intended audience, though the concept does not convey meaning by itself. Rather, the optimum grammar tools to convey meaning are, of course, words. In John Peck and Martin Coyles The Students Guide to Writing: Spelling, Punctuation, and Grammar, the authors describe the elements of balanced sentences: [Their] symmetry and neatness of structure... lend an air of being carefully thought out and weighed. Using this type of balance and symmetry can be particularly helpful for speechwriters and politicians to emphasize their points. Typically, though, balanced sentenced are considered to be a more conversational and, therefore, are most often found in poetic prose, persuasive speeches, and verbal communication than in academic publications.   Balanced Sentences as Rhetorical Devices Malcolm Peet and David Robinson describe balanced sentences as a type of rhetorical device in their 1992 book Leading Questions, and Robert J Connors notes in Composition-Rhetoric: Backgrounds, Theory, and Pedagogy that they developed in rhetorical theory later in its practice. Peet and Robinson use Oscar Wildes  quote children begin by loving their parents; after a time they judge them; rarely, if ever, do they forgive them to express balanced sentences as unnatural to the ear, used to impress, to suggest wisdom or polish, because they contain two contrasting and balanced elements. In other words, it presents a duality of ideas in order to convince the listener — or in some cases reader — that the speaker or writer is being especially explicit in his or her meaning and intent. Although first used by the Greeks, Connors notes that balanced sentences arent presented clearly in classical rhetoric, and often confused with antithesis — which is a different type of balanced sentence. Academics, Edward Everett Hale, Jr. notes, do not often use the form, as this form is rather an artificial form, conveying a natural style to prose.

A Call to Action Regulate Use of Cell Phones on the Road

David ******* English 101-B 14 March 2004 A Call to Action: Regulate Use of Cell Phones on the Road When a cell phone goes off in a classroom or at a concert, we are irritated, but at least our lives are not endangered. When we are on the road, however, irresponsible cell phone users are more than irritating: They are putting our lives at risk. Many of us have witnessed drivers so distracted by dialing and chatting that they resemble drunk drivers, weaving between lanes, for example, or nearly running down pedestrians in crosswalks. A number of bills to regulate use of cell phones on the road have been introduced in state legislatures, and the time has come to push for their passage. Regulation is needed because drivers using phones are†¦show more content†¦Using police records, John M. Violanti of the Rochester Institute of Technology investigated the relation between traffic fatalities in Oklahoma and the use or presence of a cell phone. He found a ninefold in- crease in the risk of fatality if a phone was being used and a dou- bled risk simply when a phone was present in a vehicle (522-23). The latter statistic is interesting, for it suggests that those who Long quotation is set off from the text; quotation marks are omitted. Summary begins with a signal phrase naming the author and ends with page numbers in parentheses. Summary and long quotation are introduced with a signal phrase naming the authors. Page 4 Source: Diana Hacker (Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 2004). Daly 4 carry phones in their cars may tend to be more negligent (or prone to distractions of all kinds) than those who do not. Some groups have argued that state traffic laws make legisla- tion regulating cell phone use unnecessary. Sadly, this is not true. Laws on traffic safety vary from state to state, and drivers dis- tracted by cell phones can get off with light punishment even when they cause fatal accidents. 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Warsaw Ghetto free essay sample

There were times when people felt safe and then chaos exploded in front of them. People could be living a life of luxury and the next day everything could be taken from them including their loved ones. One of the major steps the Nazi Regime did to organize their control and start the seclusion of the non-Aryan people were the use of the ghettos. One of the most famous ghettos was the Warsaw ghetto in Poland. Warsaw was the capital of Poland and after the takeover of the Germans it became a hell for many Jews. The Warsaw ghetto was one of the worst ghettos to be in but through all the struggle and heartache the Jews were still able to fight back in the end. We will see how the Germans took over Warsaw, how it changed into a city of destruction, but also how in the end the Jews were able to revolt and fight back for their lives or the lives of others. Life in the ghettos was harsh. The main causes of death were malnutrition, the exposure to the cold, and the cruelty from the soldiers. They would beat, torture, shoot Jews on the streets and there were also mass executions. The Germans also tried to restrict them of any rights they had. The Jews were not allowed to write, teach, study, or participate in any religious activities or ceremonies. And if any were caught doing such an act, many were thrown in jail, beaten, or even killed. Some though took the risk and smuggled journals in, hoping they might get some attention from anybody outside the ghetto. The ghetto was no place for any human life. The ghettos tried to break down the Jews in every possible way and it was especially hard on the children. One writes, â€Å"But the thing that bothers me the most—the worst thing the Germans did to me in Warsaw was to deprive me of a childhood. I had no school, no friends, no life other than watching those around me die. † In the end more than 85,000 people died in the ghetto. Hitler had two goals he wanted to accomplish during his ruling. First he wanted to create a superior race which was called the Aryan race. They were considered anyone who fell under strict regulations such as blond haired and blue eyed. Anyone who didn’t qualify was considered subhuman or Untermenschen. Jews were ranked the lowest according to the Germans. They were called by Germans, â€Å"maggots, parasites, vampires, spiders sucking blood, and vermin. The other goal Hitler wanted to accomplish was to provide ‘living space’ for the Aryan race, or Lebensraum. The way he was going about that was to take land by force from neighboring countries. He believed they needed living space because that was how they would be able to thrive and prosper. On August 23, 1939, Hitler signed a pact with Stalin so he wouldn’t interfere when Hitler invaded Poland and in return Stalin would receive half of the land that was conquered. Germany invaded Poland in September 1939 and it was called a Blitzkrieg, or ‘lightning war’ because how fast they attacked and all the destruction that was created. One of the most powerful weapons used was the stukas, which were warplanes with a screaming device. This helped wipe out Poland’s force and many of their supplies. Even though much of Poland was destroyed, the capital Warsaw was not going to give up. There were over one million in the city and a third was Jews. â€Å"Time after time German infantry stormed the city, only to be driven back by the rifles and machine guns of stubborn defenders. † The Germans attacked areas in Warsaw that were highly populated with Jews and had air strikes during the major Jewish holidays. As the battling continued the conditions in the city worsened. Bodies started piling up due the bombing everyday and they resorted to using public parks as mass graves. Food also started to become scarce. The only sources of food sometimes were the animals that were killed, which were lying on the sides of the streets. Finally on September 27 Warsaw surrendered with a count of 6,000 dead and over 700,000 taken prisoner. Once Poland was taken over, Hitler and the Nazi Regime started to organize on how to carry out the final solution: the total extermination of Jews. Heydrich was put in place to control the design of plans for the Polish Jews. He put together a special group of the S. S. , the Einsatzgruppen to make the Jews locate in one area. Within a few months of the German occupation, thousands of Jewish settlements were erased from the map of Poland, their inhabitants ejected without notice, forbidden to take bare necessities, condemned to exposure, hunger, and homelessness. The Einsatzgruppen forced Jews into the cities of Lodz, Krakow, and Warsaw. These cities were close to railroads, which provided easy transportation for later. By mid-October 1939, 330,000 Jews were homeless. Hanz Frank was now appointed governor general of Poland. With this control of the Polish Jews, Hitler saw this as cheap labor for him to use for the war effort and later for the construction of the camps. Frank looked over the labor, made sure food and resources were drained and were given to the Reich. International laws were being put in place to regulate how Jews were treated; this secluded them even more. Anyone over the age of ten had to wear an arm band starting in December 1939. â€Å"It was interesting to observe how quickly the brotherhood born under the continuous danger of death disappeared and how quickly the difference between rich and poor, Christian and Jew once again became apparent. Frank also issued that all Jews between the ages of fourteen and sixteen had to work for the Germans now. The work was very laborious and strenuous. They had to basically clean up the mess that was created when the Germans attacked to take over Poland, such as clean up rubble and bury corpses. The Germans also brought some to the countryside so they could the start the building of the prison camps. Many were not treated well and tortured in the process. They were used in place of horses and in many cases a lot were worked to death. Some of the most savage abuse was to the Orthodox Jews. They were forced to clean public toilets with their prayer shawls, were forced fed pork, and had to set fire on their own synagogues. One of the most humiliating torments was called ‘bearding’ to the men. The Germans cut off beards of the Jewish men in public, and some even forced family members to do it to their own relatives, which is a huge disgrace in their religion. Many Poles also participated in the humiliation of Jews in these cities and helped the Germans point out who were Jews. A survivor states, â€Å"as if the Poles had been given a license to be mean, to be as cruel as they could be, and they were thoroughly enjoying it. The Nazis didn’t want to deal with all the tasks of handling the Jews, so they set up a council of Jews called the Judenrat. They had to handle administrative tasks. Only areas with more than 10,000 had a council. The council was made up twelve or twenty-four members. They were chosen by Adam Czerniakow, the chairman of Warsaw’s Judenrat. Many Jews had become suspicious of the council and didn’t know if they were on their side anymore. But the council tried to prove their loyalty by saving money and using it towards Jewish cemeteries, organizing soup kitchens, and supporting Jewish hospitals. Then in November 1939 the Gestapo of Warsaw told the Judenrat that there was to be a ghetto. Jews had to resettle in a one-hundred block in Warsaw. If they didn’t follow, all members were going to be shot. â€Å"They were being ordered into a trap. They would be cut off from the rest of the world and surrounded by their enemies, who could do whatever they wanted behind high walls. † The council was put in a hard situation to tell the Jews to resettle into a smaller area. Only one council member refused to endorse it, Zygelboym and he persuaded the rest to refuse it as well. They later found out the head of German forces knew nothing about it. So the council didn’t have to report this to the Jews. But Zygelboym fled to London after being threatened by the S. S. But then this gave the idea to the Germans and the worst was about to begin for the Jews. The start of the extreme exclusion was during the winter of 1940. One day the Jews woke up to see a brick wall being put up and they had no idea what was going on. The fear increased when they saw this and caught on to what was happening. Barbed wire was put in place and Nazi patrol was standing near the entrance. The Jews were being forced into one small area of Warsaw now. The most run down section was chosen surrounded by factories so the Germans could use the Jews to work; families were told to leave their items and only bring what they could carry. Many had to leave their businesses if they were not in the designated area as well. And anyone who was living in the ghetto area was asked to leave but they were allowed to bring everything they wanted and they upgraded to the homes that the Jews left behind. By October 1940, all Jews were forced into the walled-off area. More than 150,000 moved into the ghetto and 80,000 Poles had to move out. It turned into a very crammed area as one Warsaw Jew said, â€Å"There is no room in the ghetto—not and empty crack, not an unoccupied hole. † The Jews knew their fate was getting worse when they were put in a secluded area guarded by officers and they were not allowed out. â€Å"Closed ghetto means gradual death. An open ghetto is only a halfway catastrophe. † This area was referred to as a death box and considered by many as just a holding pen until the final solution or whatever they were going to do them later. Many didn’t know what was to come. The Germans used the slowest, most painful way to torture the Jews before extermination. They deprived them of shelter and food. Many Jews lived in apartments with fifteen to twenty people in them. They endured one of the coldest winters during 1940-1941with very little coal to keep warm and then the Nazi ordered them to give up their warm clothes for the army. The ghetto was getting worse by the minute. â€Å"The prey was at the mercy of the hunter, with no means of escape. † But one of the biggest tasks in the ghetto was trying to stay clean. Soap was scarce and only could be found if you bought it on the black market. So many didn’t wash for months and this caused many problems. The toilets also became plugged and stopped functioning. Due the cold temperatures, pipes froze and weren’t repaired as well. The odors were horrible and the results of this were deadly diseases. About 150,000 got typhus and 20,000 died from it. The main source of this was the exposure to human waste everywhere in the ghetto. The Germans started to set up quarantines. Jews didn’t like this because basically the Germans would put them in a room and let them starve to death, so many Jews tried to hide it if they had typhus. Mottel Pinkert, the chief undertaker, was the busiest man in the ghetto. He was known as the King of Corpses. The Jews started getting use to seeing dead people everywhere. They were almost becoming distanced from the effect of death because it occurred so often. Anyone that was killed or died during the night was piled up in the street, stripped of their clothing and the caretaker would come in the morning to pick them up. â€Å"And there was something infinitely agonizing and appalling in this tangle of nightmare and ordinary life. † Keeping the ghettos dirty was in the Germans advantage because this was a cheaper way of killing the Jews instead of mass shootings. The spread of disease and the harsh climates were in their favor. Starvation was still the main reason for death in the camps. It was more apparent now since the Germans controlled what came into the ghetto. The Germans prolonged death because they gave the Jews some food but not enough to sustain them. They were allowed 184 calories a day, that’s 15% of the calories needed to sustain an adult. They were given twenty grams of bread and one-half cup of milk, a little fat, and maybe a potato or turnip; there was no meat given. One of the effects of hunger was the concept of â€Å"snatcher. Some became so desperate that they if they saw someone with food they would do anything to take it from them. Smuggling became a way to survive in the ghetto. So many were willing to risk it because they were so hungry, and it also became a way to make a living. Bribery was the key to smuggling. If the palms of an officer were greased this meant they allowed unauthorized people into the ghetto to sell food or to allow food carts cross a checkpoint; they would look the other way. The Jews also used structures bordering the ghetto to help them. They used cellars and dugs trenches between houses to transport food into the ghetto. Street cars were used; one was marked ‘Aryan’ the other was marked with a Star of David. â€Å"The rate of the work was extraordinary, so that the transfer of 100 sacks of wheat or sugar took just a dozen or so minutes. † Even people such as Mottel Pinkert’s undertakers helped with smuggling by bringing back empty coffins with food. One of the cleverest ways to smuggle food was by a woman named Baylke. She transferred toilet waste in a wagon that had to be dumped outside of the ghetto. She traded valuables for food and hid the food in a tin under the human waste. No one suspected food to be under there. Germans started to catch on and tried to rearrange boundaries and made punishments harsher; they eventually made the punishment death because Jews didn’t care if they were put in jail for a time frame. And to much surprise most of the people who smuggled food into the ghetto ranged from the ages of seven to fourteen. But having younger children get the food was an advantage because it aroused pity in people, and most of the times they were able to get the food for nothing. Another important thing to keep them safe for a while was the ability to do work. Employment saved many lives for a while because you were not chosen to be sent to the labor camps right away. They received work passes to show proof to the soldiers. A job that was available was the Jewish police force which became very popular. They helped guard the gates, direct traffic, guard the soup kitchens and post offices, and caught smugglers. At first many Jews were relieved when they became in charge, but they quickly found out that the Jewish police force was as bad the Nazi soldiers. A survivor commented on the appearance of a Jewish police, â€Å"†¦in every aspect of his appearance he was trying to imitate an SS man. † Most who took the job were converts and already had hatred toward the Jews for being put in the same situation as they were. But the next best job was to work in a manufacturing business. They helped make clothing, textiles, and machinery; they were basically helping the war effort. Many worked twelve to fourteen hours a day just for a watery bowl of soup. Even with all the terror and fear surrounding the ghetto they had a will to survive. They love life and they do not wish to disappear from the earth before their time†¦. Say what you wish, this will of ours to live in the midst of a terrible calamity hidden power whose quality has not yet been examined†¦We are left naked, but as long as this secret power is still within us, we do not give up any hope. The strength came from their unity in their religion. Even though they could get killed if the Germans found out they were holding ceremonies, the Jews did it anyways because that was what kept them going. The unity and solidarity was very important in the camps. Families became closer because they relied on one another now. Humor and music were also big parts in ghetto life to help with the situation. Songs were written to express what many felt. Ghetto schools were also kept secret. The ghetto was the hardest on the children because they had to learn how to grow up fast. They were faced with death and risking their lives every day. Having the schools gave the children something to do. They usually were small and held in kitchens or cellars of houses. If they were ever found the teachers were shot and the children were sent off to the concentration camps. And finally in mid 1941, the Judenrat helped to allow limited education in the ghetto where children could be educated up to fourth grade. To keep the people in the ghetto informed about what is going on outside the ghetto an underground society was created. One of the main men participating in the underground was Emmanuel Ringelblum, who encouraged many Jews to keep journals so it could be a testament for others to know what really happened in the ghettos. The underground published newspapers and made their own machinery from junk and scrap metal they found. They constantly moved so they wouldn’t get caught. The underground also tried to sabotage in the factories to slow down production of German goods. The killing started to increase in the ghettos. Firing squads were brought in and numerous people were being killed in the night. This caused stress and panic throughout the ghetto and made many Jews stop dealing in anything that was against German law. Then in July 1942 the final solution was coming together with the completion of the death camp, Treblinka, located sixty miles away. More than 350,000 Warsaw Jews who survived all the disasters in the ghetto were going to be gassed in the death camp. On July 18, 1942 a hundred ghetto Jews were arrested, including doctors, businessmen, and members of the Juderant. The Germans told the council they needed workers in the east and wanted 60,000 Jews to be resettled there from the ghetto. If the council didn’t obey these orders and didn’t make the Jews follow, the one hundred prisoners would be killed. The ones chosen to leave were the ‘unproductive’ ones. The place where the Jews loaded on the train to leave the ghetto was called the Umschlagplatz. But come to find out it was all a lie; the resettlement was actually to the death camp, Treblinka.

Janus by Ann Beattie Essay Example

Janus by Ann Beattie Essay In the short story â€Å"Janus†, by Ann Beattie, the central character is not a real character at all, but in fact is an inanimate object. The cream colored ceramic bowl serves as the main character throughout the story, and is correlated to the Roman God â€Å"Janus† that is identified primarily with doors or other places of passage, and is also represented as being two faced. Janus is one of two characters with names, which is also evident of her importance throughout the story. The author uses the character of Andrea to give life to Janus through discussing the bowls importance to her. In many cases the primary character of a story is simply an object that is symbolic of an ideal or underlying meaning through which the author uses to convey their message. Throughout the story Beattie uses the bowl in many ways to convey different meanings to the reader. In the beginning, its sole purpose in the story is simply a tool that Andrea uses to sell houses. She places the bowl in homes she is trying to sell, along with house plants and even her dog at times. We will write a custom essay sample on Janus by Ann Beattie specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Janus by Ann Beattie specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Janus by Ann Beattie specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer There is a strong connection made between Andrea and her bowl, and it becomes evident that Janus means much more to her than just an aesthetically pleasing piece of ceramic art. When Andrea is trying to sell a home, she essentially tricks people into buying them by creating these setups where she brings in her own props. Beattie also uses the bowl to show the weak relationship between Andrea and her husband. There are times when it is clearly obvious that Andrea cares more about the bowl than she does her own husband. It is implied when she wakes up in the morning next to him and feels guilty; it is understood as her feeling guilty for her deeper connection to the bowl, and almost as a betrayal to her husband. There is no passion in their relationship, they simply get along fine and live together. Janus reveals another aspect of their relationship that is nonexistent, â€Å"She had asked her husband to please not drop his house key in it. It was meant to be empty†, (113) their sexual life as well as their everyday life is not passionate either. The request not to drop house keys in the bowl can be viewed this way, and it is another way to demonstrate the parallel of relationships that Andrea has. The extremely weak and non meaningful marriage to her husband, who is left nameless throughout the story and the deep seeded connection she feels towards the cream colored ceramic bowl. Beattie also reveals through the bowl another meaning it could possibly take on. At the end of the story we are told about the first day Andrea sees the bowl. She is at an arts and crafts fair with her lover when she sees Janus. When she decides she doesn’t really need the bowl she leaves it, but her lover saw something in Andrea sparkle when she saw it, so he buys it for her anyways. Not only is this man her lover, but he is also the man she is having an affair with behind her husband’s back. It is clear that Andrea and this other man are truly in love, and have a passionate romantic relationship, but Andrea cannot bring herself to leave her husband and in turn her lover grows tired of waiting and leaves her. This brings another possibility to the table of Janus’s symbolism, it could possibly be representative of the true love and passion Andrea once had in her life, but let escape. Now she doesn’t want to let it go, it has become Janus. Many authors have used the same approach to emphasizing their true message in a story. For example, in â€Å"The Things They Carried,† by Tim O’Brien, (1098) the main character is Lieutenant Jimmy Cross, but in the story the letters and pictures he carries of a girl back home become more meaningful than anything the he actually says. The fact that he carries these around with him is meaningful in itself because he is a soldier on the battlefront, and anything he packs around must have significant importance to him. He carries these letters and pictures because he believes he is truly in love with this girl, even though it is an unrequited love. He wishes for her to feel the same about him, but knows that she does not. He finds himself becoming obsessed with looking at these pictures and re-reading the letters multiple times. The notes and pictures are also symbolic of the outside world, the normal life that is going on outside of the battlefront. Jimmy finds himself getting lost in his own imagination, and thinking about home life more and more often. One day, one of his men is killed, and he believes it is his own fault for not paying enough attention to his surroundings and the situation his troop was in. He in turn decides that he must get rid of the letters and pictures so he burns them. Essentially this is symbolic of his maturity and realization that this girl does not and will not love him, and that his troop of men depends on him and looks to him for leadership and guidance. The use of the letters and pictures is like Janus because it is used to reveal more about the characters that go along with them, but also is used to portray many different shifts in the stories overall meanings. Another great story that correlates is â€Å"The Necklace,† by Guy De Maupassant. This story further continues with this theme because the main character, Mme. Loisel, is shaped by the pearl necklace that comes into her life. When she borrows it from her rich friend, she assumes that it is a real pearl necklace. It comes to mean to her then that if she wears it to the ball it will be seen as a sign of her wealth, and people will see her as a more refined person. Time goes on, and when she loses it she becomes desperate to replace it. Her and her doting husband work years to gain back the money to buy another set of expensive pearls for her friend. It turns out that the pearls were a fake, but it also makes Mme. Loisel more respectful in the sense that she has finally had to work for something in her life. The necklace was the main tool that gave her a reason to be proud of herself for working hard and earning enough money to buy a set of real pearls as a replacement for her friend. This resembles Janus because the author shows character traits and development through using an object that is symbolic for a deeper meaning. Janus† is a story that is a great example of an author characterizing her characters through using symbols and objects. The effectiveness of this writing is great because it is easy as a reader to indentify the connections between the characters and the symbols that they identify with. Using objects to form characters creates a more versatile story, this means of writing is able to take on many forms and thus develop many different underlying meanings that the author is trying to convey.